Visualizers
Learn by moving things
Interactive explainers for the ideas behind retrieval, embeddings, and agents. A formula tells you what is true; dragging a vector shows you why. Each one also appears inside the article it belongs to, and runs entirely in your browser, so drag, poke, and break it.
Retrieve then rerank
From: Rerankers →First-stage retrieval ranks by a cheap score; a cross-encoder reranker rereads each result against the query and reorders. Press Rerank and watch an on-topic but keyword-poor result jump to the top.
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Inverted index & boolean retrieval
From: How Search Works →The data structure under almost every search engine: term → the documents that contain it. Toggle query terms and switch AND/OR to watch it resolve a query into a candidate set.
- fox→d0d2d4
- fast→d0d1d3
- d0fast red fox
- d1red fast car
- d2quiet fox den
- d3red fast engine
- d4blue fox tail
BM25 score explorer
From: Keyword Search: BM25 →The default text-ranking function. Tune term frequency, document length, term rarity, and the k1/b knobs, and watch the score and its saturation curve respond.
Dashed line = the ceiling more frequency can never beat.